Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

Business Ethics - Essay Example the CEO’s statement, of giving the employees the liberty to choose whether or not they would like to wear the protective clothing are not ethical neither is it a right choice on moral grounds. There are numerous chemicals used on a daily basis and in some of the cases there is a high majority the use of the chemicals and the effects of the chemical in terms of immediate or even long term is not recognized. Being a CEO of a chemical company, it is essential and mandatory for them to consider the possible issues that will be faced by the employees in the company. a) Whether Overtime is hazardous to health and the working environment: Based on the utilitarian theory and ethical concepts, it is seen that overtime is not very beneficial for any employee especially not in a chemicals industry (Blum, 1993). The effects of the chemicals are very high in the normal eight hours job basically. So leaving it for the employees to choose on whether or not to work for higher number of hours is not ethical. It is not even a choice based on the moral grounds and it is necessary that the CEO take up the responsibility to make sure that the employees have a fixed number of hours of work every week. Being a leader for an industry the CEO is expected to be aware of the damages that the chemicals can cause the employees in the time they are exposed to the chemicals, hence it is necessary that the CEO on humanitarian grounds at least ensures that the employees are not permitted to work for higher hours. Also it is the responsibility of the top management to brin g in the rules and regulations in the company where the employees need to wear on the protective clothing during the shift hours and at all time while dealing with the chemicals. This should be the case not only for the harmful chemicals but for all chemicals irrespective of the degree of damage it could cause to the employee handling it (Blum, 1993). Although it has been clear from researches and studies that the amount of

Family work Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family work - Assignment Example c) I think the US should regulate working hours to se to shield workers in both public and private sectors from being exploited. An eight hours working day should be acceptable and employees should only work for five days. Any overtime should be a request and compensated commensurately. In setting such a law I will consider ILO and other international organizations as well as the UN guidelines on work hours. d) Closing borders is a good measure that will help prevent illegal immigration into the US. However, focusing on the demand side for labor by illegal immigrants you see a need for punishing employers. Firstly, sneaking into a country to earn a living is less grievous a crime compared to sneaking around fair-labor to employ low-wage immigrants. Sneaking around fair labor standards encourages the employment of illegal immigrants on poor wages. Such employers should be fined heavily so as to bar them from repeating their unethical acts. Nations differ markedly in a number of issues. One notable difference among nations is culture; all nations of the world have unique cultures which not only influence development but also the way of doing business. In China for instance business is greatly influenced by strong relationships and trust while in the west the business environment runs on the principal of capitalism where contractual agreements are influential. Approaching business can therefore differ significantly from the west. Another notable difference is the legal environment; some nations encourage free markets while others such China protect certain sectors perceived as being important to the national economy. Labor laws also differ with some nations focusing a lot on rights of employees while others don’t. in China for instance laws on copyright are not well developed and therefore proprietary issues can easily arise when doing business. The United States differs with developing

A Critical Study of Income Patterns After the Event Tourism in Sri Lanka Essay Example for Free

A Critical Study of Income Patterns After the Event Tourism in Sri Lanka Essay Sri Lankan tourism has improved with the end of the civil war in 2009; it has able to bring many tourists from various nationals to Sri Lanka due to improvement of Security and other tourism related infrastructure. Sri Lanka  tourism is focusing on promoting Sri Lankan tourism through many areas that can get competitive advantage from its key competitors. Event tourism considered as the latest addition to the Sri Lankan tourist industry, with the intention of latent to be a key tourist attraction to catch the attention of many tourists by organizing various international and local events develops the tourism in Sri Lanka and to earn substantial foreign exchange and expertise from other countries. During 2008-2010 development of world tourism remained flat due to the worst recession world has gone through after 1930’s.During 2009 world tourism has dropped dramatically by 5.5% and in 2010 growth of tourism remained flat. This slump of tourism did not affect Sri Lanka badly but the phase Sri Lankan civil war was ending (2008-2009) tourist arrivals had dropped considerably. But has able to rebound from the droop during the post war period due to the progress of situation security of the island. Event tourism is an important and rapidly growing segment of international tourism ’’. An article by Getz in 1989 in Tourism Management. Problem Statement According to â€Å"Mahinda Chinthaya† which is governments philosophy on development of Sri lanka, tourism considered as key income generator for SL economy, recently SLB has spend heavily on organizing major international events to attract foreign tourist to Sri Lanka. These events have many merits and failures to identify and through this research author will do a critical study of income patterns after the event tourism in Sri Lanka which is essential further improvement of the Sri Lanka travel industry. So the study is consist of information regarding the revenues and expenses occurred recently concluded Events in Sri Lanka. â€Å"Critical study of income patterns after the event tourism in Sri Lanka which is essential further improvement of the Sri Lanka travel industry.† Problem Justification Income after events conducted in SL gone under public conjecture, identification of income generated thorough sale of goods and services during the time of an event is a vital factor in future event planning. Analyses of the expenses made by private sector and government is important since some of the cost unable to be accounted due to poor accounting policies used by firms. Since that it’s important to identify the income generated by locals as well as foreigners by conducting events in Sri Lanka. All the income generated sponsorships given by the foreign firms for events conducted in SL and the identification of the publicity given by local and foreign media which has given good image about Sri Lanka and future income can be generated from these promotions. Though analyze author critically evaluate the income pattern after event tourism in Sri lanka and areas that critical have a impact on, Event tourism Sri Lanka which has been rarely overlooked by the government of Sri Lanka to develop the countries tourism. Objectives of the Study * Objective of finding key areas that able Sri Lanka should develop to Event tourism. * Evaluating past international events organized by Sri Lanka tourism to promote tourism in Sri Lanka. * To find out the relationship between past events and their revenue generation to gain positive financial out comes to Sri Lanka. * Recommend the areas that Sri Lanka Tourism should widen to gain more financial and to Promote Sri lanka as a major Event tourism destination. * Find out the structure of the Sri Lanka tourism and how to develop to add more pecuniary returns though improvement of its functions. Significance of the Study Scope of the study- research going to be profound and Proportional analysis of the research topic. Population for the research is been events the recently held in Sri Lanka (2009-2011), following constraints also been identify during the process of the research. Sample for research-Data available of the events conducted in Sri Lanka are not well documented and large scale events has the influence of the government. Since some of the cost incurred during the events are not available. Therefore the author has chosen the samples from events that have primary cost of more than 30 million to conduct an event, because hundreds of events done individuals  focusing on Tourists. Below mentioned groups are benefited from this report; Event organizers –Through analysis of this Research help event organizers identify returns and expenses of conducting events. Also it will contribute them development weaknesses which they done in past events and use their strength effectively. Tourism professionals of the industry (promoters) – this able to identify the areas they should develop attract from tourists and to built image on other countries to visit Sri Lanka by using various cost effective and creative incentives attract more visitors to Sri Lanka to attend the future events. Government- This will help government identify the areas that should improve outcomes of the events conducted by various parties to attract tourists, which gives a valuable contribution to the local economy and to make a productive return from their investments. Media-Research will guide local and foreign media carry out widespread promotion events on Sri Lanka and the boost the image of Sri Lanka as a major tourism destination. Fut ure researchers- Research on this topic guide future researchers to an in-depth research in subject matter. Scope of the Study Research will be focused on revenues or the income generated from event organized by Sri Lanka Tourism and it will identify the how the income patterns during the period of 2009-2011.Research contained the events conducted in Sri Lanka focusing only on attracting foreign tourist with assistance of the government. Thorough analysis of the research people related tourism, particularly people who financing the similar events discussed in the research. Chapter 2 – Literature Review Chapter 3 – Research Methodology Independent Variables Dependant Variable Hypothesis|

Solid Waste Management Problems In Cameroon

Solid Waste Management Problems In Cameroon Solid waste management which can be seen as the systematic control of generation, collection, storage, transport, source of separation processing, treatment ,recovery, and disposal of solid waste Globalization has raised some troubling concerns for the developing world, including Cameroon. One of such concern is its impact on urbanization and the ramification that goes with it. Cities are traditionally engines of social of social modernization and economic growth and at the same time the theatres in which globalization stage it actions. For Cameroon this has just help to increase the already unban problems and challenges that go with it. With municipal solid waste management is the main challenge. The constant increased in flows of goods and services, and change in life style and also ways of consumption had affected the waste sector directly or indirectly. Municipal solid waste management constitutes one of the most crucial health and environmental health problems facing the Limbe u rban city council. This is so because even though these city is using 30percent of their budget in solid waste management, only 20-50 percent of the waste is been collected. Illegal dumped still constitute 50 percent of health and environmental degradation. This paper will attempt s to examine increase in urbanization have impacted on the management of municipal solid waste sector in Cameroon using the case of Limbe. In conclusion, this paper will suggest some solutions to the current waste management problems in Cameroon cities. Location of Study Area Limbe is a town in Fako Division of the South West region of Cameroon is located in an active an active and dynamic coastal zone. Limbe is located along the rocky coast of Cameroon and covers a surface area of about 674 kmÂÂ ² (Limbe Town Planning Office, 2000). Source Limbe Urban Council (2005) Definition of Key Term Solid Waste By definition, solid waste includes but is not limited to trash, yard waste, used motor oil, household chemicals, building materials, and demolition materials. Solid waste does not include rock, dirt or brick. What are the Factors influencing municipal solid waste Generation in Cameroon? In order to prepare a good planned on municipal solid waste management system, it is important to know the quantity of waste generated by the community and also the different types of waste. Solid waste generation differs from place to place and country to country. Solid waste production and composition are influenced by the consumption pattern, climate, season, cultural practice, etc. Population size is an important course or influence of municipal solid waste generation, even though other factors also influence it. There is a positive reciprocal relationship between city population size and both the percentage of waste collection from households. The constant increase in population and the city size as a hole poses a hell of problems solid waste management in Cameroon. In Limbe, A current figure shows that the present population of Limbe is estimated at 84,223 according to the 2005 population census. Increase in solid waste from 100 to 150 tons per day. The city area has also increase to about 6000 hectares, with about 4000 hectares of residential and commercial areas. The collection rates have increase dramatically from like 10 percent in the early 1990s to the present 30-60 percent execution by Cameroon hygiene and Sanitation Company popularly known as (HYSACAM) which is a French acronym for Hygiene et slubritedu Cameroon, the municipal solid waste management c ompany in Limbe. The management of solid waste is in the hands of the Limbe city council and some private N.G.O.s operating in around the city. In Cameroon, the waste stream is mostly made up of garbage. Garbage which constitutes 60-70 percent of all the various types of waste includes, waste from sales of produce and meals, house hold preparation like cooking and serving of food; market refuse and handling. We also have what is known as non-biodegradable rubbish which constitutes paper, carton, plastics, rubber, glass, tin cans, etc. More so, other sources include: ashes, abandon vehicles, street sweeping, non-hazardous industrial waste, etc. Public and private sectors and sewage treatment centers also generate waste. Imported goods, like second hand vehicles, electronics and house hold equipments from Europe, Asia and America .This goods with little or no life span, will spend with their Cameroon owners before been consider as waste. All these is been influence due to changing in consumption habits by some Cameroonians. Solid waste Composition In terms of composition, solid waste differs from town to town depending on the economic level of the cities or towns. It also depends on other factors such as the geographical location of the cities, energy resources, climate, cultural habits and standard of living of the population. Most of the big cities in Cameroon have high percentage of organic matter in their waste stream with high moisture content making them unsuitable for incineration. Over the years, many plastics, glass, paper, metal, textile and leather had find their way into the municipal waste stream due to the rapid economic expansions taking place in the cities. Transportation and collection methods of solid waste management More than three quarter of the waste management budget of the Limbe city council is been spent on transportation of solid waste alone, due to lack of technological knowhow only a smaller percentage is been spent on waste treatment or recycling. In Limbe, three main collection systems could identify: the primary collection at the household level by individuals, secondly collection method by the urban council which is the official method and finally by private contractors. Since the early days, they had been different traditional methods of waste disposal and agents in Cameroon as a hole. For example the burning of trash and rubbish from homes and work places. All of these methods have been reduce, since the Limbe council re-contracted the management of solid waste in the hands of HYSACAM which is a private company so many things have change. This solid waste management company known as HYSACAM had been operating in Cameroon for a very long time in various urban cities. They position p ortable public skips of various sizes (1mÂÂ ³, 3mÂÂ ³, 6mÂÂ ³, 9mÂÂ ³and 16mÂÂ ³) on the strategic positions of the city and empty them on planned daily schedule.150 bins of 3mÂÂ ³to 16mÂÂ ³category exist today (Monkam et al.2000).These skips are of various seizes depending on the generation capacity and also the level of accessibility of the area. Dumper trucks of various classes had been imported by HYSACAM for the collection and removing of dumping waste of the city of Limbe. Sweeping of some of the main streets is done manually by some of their employers and also by one mechanical van present for this use. Many problems do exits, because these equipment do break down time and again due to poor management and inexperience drivers, they had record so many accidents .The equipment are also so expensive to maintain and run. All this had made the population to have mix feelings about their operation. However HYSACAM had succeeded in removing about 3 0-60 percent of the waste today, which is a great improvement. Some waste management equipments in Limbe Source:Photos by gefominyen.com Problems encounter by the municipal authorities Limbe is a growing third world city with the constant challenge by urbanization and industrilization trends,population increase and consequent rise of waste.The city of Limbe and its authorities face major problems relating to public health and enviromental pollution.Lack of political will,poor government policy,lack of approprate economic and human resources,and weak local institutions result in poor waste management.Although the Limbe municipality had increasingly involved in solid waste management,lack of institutional and infrastructure facilities,and alsolack of resources are hindering the efforts. In addition,one of the main problem is the use of traditional approach by the municipal authorities,they monopolise solid waste management projects,using command-and-rule startegies,ignoring other stakeholders and ill-adapted imported tecnology is common in Cameroon cities.This traditional or cultural approach does not really help much the situation of solid waste management in Limbe as a hol.The neglect of these other practitionals in this sector had worsen the scenario.This can be seen in most parts of the city,streets are almost blocked by solid waste and also market places are been littered around with solid waste from remains of some agricultural produce. More so,only some privilage people benefit from home collection of the solid waste ,this is due to the fact most of the streets are inassible.As in many other cities this people are been left with little or no chioce but to dump their solid waste in open spaces,water bodies,buried,drainage channels, burnt, deposite along roadsi des and streets.Deposition of this solid waste into drainage,will course the drainage to blocked and mit result to flooding in the city.Like the case of 2002 when flooding and lanslide occure in variouse slums and gettos in the city of Limbe.The is also the prevelence of some diseases and parasites like malaria,cholera,diarrheaand hookworm been coused by inproper waste disposal. Photos of enviromental problems of inproper waste deposition in limbe. a Source:fako news center.com(2005) Environmental and health of solid waste management Health provides an important tracer to indicate the quality of the population-environment relationship(Ness 2001). Enviromental effects:In the enviroment,chemicals and other containments found in solid waste can sleep into our ground water and can alsobe carried by rain water into our rivers and lakes that which provide essential wildlife habitat.these contaminates can also end up in our ground water,rivers and lakes that are sources for drinking water.The major enviromental effects include waste pollution from- pollution from disposal site.It also include air pollution, which includes smoke,odour,dust,noise,etc. Waste Disposal Final disposal in most economically cities in Cameroon is usually a matter of transporting the collected waste to the nearest open space and discharging them. Other forms of disposal like animal feeding, ploughing into soil, open burning and dumping in water bodies or wetlands contribute to environmental hazards ad human health problems.Institutional and financial constraints are one of the main reason for inadequate waste disposal. The lacking of good solid waste disposal system in some areas in Cameroon and Afica as a hole,had contributes to the spread of infectiouse diseases.The method of solid waste removal also varies,with the a high level of segregation .The poorest neighborhoods facing the bigest problems with inadequate solid waste removal system, due to lack of roads.Some of this poor housholds or nighborhood rely on the pivate sector,those who can not provide deposite their waste in pits outside their homes,in rivers,by the road side and by burning.All this will give rise to solid waste health problems and prevalance of diarhoea,because some of them do drink from the rivers that they emty their waste into. In proper waste disposal can also led to poor drainage and blocked gutters.This block gutters,streams and drainage channels contributes to flooding usaually during the rainy season. Air pollution A number of factors does account for air pollution in urban cities,usaually the traditional system of waste burning ,emissions from cars,trucks,busses and not living out industrial emissions present in these urban cities.Air pollution is responsible for so many health problems in Cameroon as a hole,like premature deaths ,food contamination in polluted regions.Air pollution also disttroy the hozone layer and affect forest growth. Health effects: This includes: mosquitoes breed in standing water in block drains, cans and standing pool of rain water;the presence of rats;rats spreads diseases like salmonella,typlius, leptospirosis and they also spiol millions of tons of foodand house hold materials; flies also carry germs on bodies and legs nad also excrete them. Population effect on solid waste Management Population growth has always affected waste generation in Cameroon,collection and invariable disposal due to population drowth and high standars of living amoung some of the inhabitants of Limbe. The is rapid population growth taking place in Limbe and this has a negative impact on both the environment and waste generation in the city. With many other urban cities in Africa, cities in Cameroon (like Limbe) are faced with the double problems of population increase and rapid expansion.These phenomena above have brouth increasing strain on urban infrastructural development.Waste management has been one of the areas this strian has occure,where the existing system can no longer cope with the mountain of waste generated and heaped on the surface and open fields.Finally population size and growth,goes along with increased pollution and environmental decay. Slums and ghettos Due to poorverty,many cities had given birth to slums and gettos in many third world countries . This had led to the rise in enviromental health nad social problems.Cameroonians due live in slum nieghborhoods in city,because they can not afford the high cost to rent a room or flat in this big ciities.Left will no alltanative but to turn to this slum and swampy areas to construt their little shanties houses,with no building permit from the city council or land tenure.With the government authorities allways coming around to distroy them,because they are some time located in hazardouse areas,like slopes,flood prone areas and industraial zones.Slum dwellers allways record high level of poor health problems due to poor infrastructure and dirthy enviroment.Poor solid waste management is also common iin slum areas,this led to the prevalence of diseases, malaria and infant mortality rates. Methods of Disposal Open Dumping Open dump as a solid waste disposal method, open dump is an uncontrolled sytem and has not been subject of engineering design.This type of solid waste disposal method had been adoubted in Limbe,commonly refers to as landfill. In most of the urban and rural areas of Cameroon,open domping is the most preffered way for final solid waste disposal.Although,the fovernment of Cameroon and municipalities had develop sanitory landfill sites in a few urban and rural areas,open dumping still remains the cheapest and most effective solution to get rid of solid waste .The distance of such sanitry landfill is often too distantly located for the population to used,as compare to the open dumlocation around the municipality. The sites are to far from the main source of waste generation,there by increases transfer costs and additional inverstments for the construction of roads and transportation.These open dumpsites in due time will become haven for flies, insects,animals and man alike. Composition and Recycling of solid waste Although composting is also a preferred method of solid waste disposal,due to the high level of organic material found in the waste composition.This method is not very popular in Cameroon,though there are some small-scale composting plants in the country,which has shown very limited success. Composting plants are not recording succes in Cameroon because of the high maintance and operating costs and lack of effective marketing. Many municipalities in Cameroon are using educational campaigns and highring workers to conduct door to door collection of recyclables waste materials.In city like Limbe,organic wastes are coposted at home backyards and waste such as plastics are doump near the beach or buried.Burning of combustible waste is also widely practise amoung the inhabitants of Limbe city. Recycling is widely practiced by the informal sector waste pickers or by the solid waste management staff themselves for extra income. Collection of recyclable waste is done in several steps such as households (door to door collection), transfer stations and even in the disposal sites. Such work is done in a very labor-intensive and unsafe way, and for very low incomes. Recovered and recyclable products then enter a chain of dealers, or processing before they are finally sold to manufacturing enterprises. The main items that are recycled include soft and hard plastics, glass, steel, paper, cardboard, aluminium and alloys etc.(C. Visvanathan and Ulrich Glawe 2006). Legal,Social and Finacial Issues of Solid Waste Management in Cameroon Cameroon is facing legal,financial and social problems in terms of solid waste management. Considering the enviromental issues in the countrys development,municipalities and the government of Cameroon are hard to extend and formulate enviromental legislation. Public awareness and public participation is a major step in effective implementation of the solid waste management system. Therefore, co-operation from the citizens is a vital aspect in managing solid wastes of a city. Habits and attitudes of inhabitants of a city largely affect waste management system. Hence, social aspect can not be separated from the overall waste management system. Therefore, environmental education from schools to develop the awareness of the general public becomes important. Participatory urban enviromental planning and magagement approach Paticipatory approch will focuses on the activities in solving waste management issues in Limbe and Cameroon as a hole.The paticipatory programme will empahasises on the need for local enviromental methodologies and planning among all urban enviroment and development stakeholders.The aim of this programme is to attain urban environmental improvements through recyling and waste collection.The program will also seeks to some enviromental and health concern.The economically empower a group of youths and adults in Limbe to sustain their enviromental livelihoods through waste collection and recycling.The management of municipal solid waste continues to evolve from the traditional confines system of generation to disposal,through waste collection and transportation,to intergrated waste management system.The morden solid waste management system encompases source reduction,recovery, and recycling of waste materials.At the momment the management capabilities of the urban councils are weak,due to lack of natural and economic resources.Attempts to deal with this urban enviromental issues had been a major problem and making it difficult for them to succed. The management of solid waste management in Limbe city can be discribed as been inadequate and inefficent as evidenced can be seen by the indiscriminating dumping of waste on road sides,public places fileds and streams.This is evident in the slums and suburbs where heaps of rubbish can be seen almost everywere,coursing the place to be liteared with flies and the spread of so many diseases causing a lot of discomfort to the population.This problem will need both financial human resources put together with full plans to ensure the delivery of an effective solid waste management system.Workshops will be held with variouse stakeholders and participants from the city to identify pertinent enviromental solid waste management problem needing redress in the city.The objectives of these workshops will also include identification of mitigatory maesures to ameliorate the identified enviromental problems. Role of Stakeholders In other of the government of Cameroon to achieve sustainability in solid waste management,it is important to look at the roles of the variouse stake holders involve in power structures prevalent in solid waste management. Experience in several different African countries has shown that cooperation and coordination between the different stakeholder groups like city council, provincial government, service users, NGOS, CBOS,the private sector (formal and informal), and donor agencies, will ultimately lead to increase sustainability of the waste management system, such as changes in behavior and sharing of financial responsibilities. On the other hand, ignoring certain activities or groups will result in decreased sustainability of the system, for example in the form of negative public health effects or increased unemployment (Nyachhyon, 2004). Non-Governmental Organisatios(NGOs) Many NGOs in Cameroon operate between the private and government realms.These NGOs are strongly motivated by humanitarian and developmental concerns.These NGOs at times help to increase the capacity of paople and community groups to have an active role in local solid waste mangement.They help to create peoples awareness of solid waste management problems affecting their local community;they also act as the voice of the Community Based Organisations in municipal planning and implimentation processes;they also provide channels of communication between Community Based Oraganisation and the government authorities and finally the transfer of technical know-how of locally active Community Based Organisations. Whilst privatization basically involves the transfer of management responsibility and ownership from the public to the private sector and has proved to be a powerful means of improving the efficiency of some waste management services such as collection, haulage and disposal. Operating in various forms of partnership with the public sector, they may provide capital, management and organizational capacity, labor and technical skills (UN, 2000). Private Sector Paticipation Private sectors in Cameroon,just like the NGOs play very important role in municipal solid waste management of the country.Specially in the city of Limbe,were HYSACAM which is a private sector is participating more in street sweeping,door to door collection and waste transfer.The involvement of the private sector had help the collection of garbage to be more efficient and addition it has also help to reduce both the financial and human resources of the Limbe Municipal Council.Private sectors are more effective,than the government in all aspect of solid waste management in Cameroon. Community Based Organisations(CBOs) Finally community based organization is an essential element in ensuring the effectiveness of the solid waste management project in Cameroonand increasing the likelihood of its sustainability.In most African countries,like in Cameroon women do play important role in many community based organisations.They also have a common initiative group known as women empowerment .Women are mostly responsible for house-keeping and its enviroment clean.Women have shown active participation in various measurs of solid waste management. .(C. Visvanathan and Ulrich Glawe 2006). Recommendations The government of Cameroon should support NGOs and private sector in required areas,most espacially in the area of organising maintenace workshops and enlightened programme,which should include grassroots participatory and input.The government of Cameroon and the Limbe urban council should fund the variouse agencies responsible for collection and disposal of all types of wastes effective. Expanding land fills managemnet and control;waste to energy programs can be generated through the land fills. In terms of population increase,there should also be a room for international co-operation towards achieving the action plans.There is also an urgetnt need for action plans and education in order to monitor and control waste expected in Limbe.There is also a need for purchase of recent equipments used for solid waste management;there is and urgent of new equipments like tipper,trucks,vehicles,pay loaders,road sweeper,bulldozer and well train staff.All these most be backed up with well trained stocked maintenance and spare parts for all the equipment. There should be separate solid waste management system for hospitals,health care establishments and industries to prevent the infectious and hazardous waste from entering the municipal waste stream. Limbe urban council shoul organise refuse collection both from residential and industrial estates.There should be a disposal site in each street of Limbe and also avenue nearest to the sources of waste,it should be accesible to every one and also the collection should be daily and regularly. There is a need for more efective and up to date domestic waste transfer station and also there should be at least one domestic waste incineration plants in Limbe constructed with a daily waste treatment capacity of at least 1000 tons,which can help to generate electricity through incineration so as to recover the energy out of wastes. Conclusion Most of the African countries do not have firm grip on any sustainable method of municipal solid waste management. Cameroon government and urban councils are copying ill-adapted global strategies and technologies not suitable to the local realities.The management of municipal solid waste in Cameroon urban cities still have many problems which needs to be address.The existing collection facilities and regulation systems of solid waste management do not fit the present requirements.Most of the municipal solid waste collected at the source are not been sperated, treatment and collection facilities are limited,collected waste are mostly doumped haphazardly on the streets and open areas in Limbe.The Government of Cameroon,Limbe urban council, NGOs and private sectors are working hard in this field,but more still has to be added to the existing efforts.The main solid waste management strategies needs to be remedy,this should include admendment of current laws and regulations,improve curren t solid waste management system and introduce calssified collections. The Limbe urbn council are not adequately exploring or using local intiatives and strategies, which could go a long way to improve on solid waste management within Limbe municipality.They should be locally adapted techniques,which involve collaboration with the stakeholders and coordination with the government will be very important.The iplimentation of all these above strategies will help to solve some of the solide waste management and enviroomental pollution problems to a large extent.

A Dictatorial Education :: Free Essays Online

A Dictatorial Education My secondary schooling was quite similar to some of the insights in Jonathan Kozol's The Night is Dark and I am Far From Home. I attended Cardinal Spellman High School, a Catholic secondary school in the Bronx, NY. Spellman required girls to wear a uniform skirt and boys to wear beige or blue pants with a tie and a white shirt. A blue school sweater was worn by all and boys were required to be clean shaven everyday for school- uniformity was obviously essential to my education. The teaching ethic at Spellman was one of the teacher exerting supreme authority over their students. Students were not encouraged to express their own opinions or feelings but were taught rather to accept the teacher or textbook's opinions as gospel. Once while interpreting a poem I was told that my interpretation was false because it was contrary to my teacher's. I did not understand why or how there could be only one interpretation of a particular poem. Extreme authority over students also extended outside of the classroom. Teachers were not willing to listen to reasons why a student was late but rather assumed that the cause of their lateness was because of some activity which broke school regulations. After feeling sick one morning I decided to go to the nurse before going to homeroom. As a result I was marked absent eventhough I was obviously present. When I explained the situation to my dean I was told that eventhough I was having an asthma attack that I should have first gone up the flight of stairs to my homeroom, asked permission to go to the nurse, get a pass, and then finally go to the nurse. I could not believe my dean when she told me this and when I asked why I was threatened with another day of JUG if I did not calm down. JUG, (Justice Under God), ithe Catholic school version of detention. Throughout my schooling students were poisoned with the notion that if they decided to put forth an opinion or did not shave one day for class that they should be punished harshly under God. What happened to the gentle, loving and forgiving God that I learned about in sixth period religion class? Is using the name of God in such a fashion positive reinforcement of his loving nature which we are drilled with every day for four years?

What i did for love :: essays research papers

You better come back here you good for nothing brat!" I covered my ears with my palms. That was my stepmother calling me. Her voice sounds murderous and I didn't want to face her today. She had slapped and hit me too much already. I'm afraid I can't take it anymore so I hid in my closet. I peeked through the crack in my closet and saw my stepmom with a really pissed off look on her face. She was holding that stick that I'm always afraid of. I was thinking about how much it would hurt if she hits me with it again. I'm just thirteen and whoever said 13 was an unlucky number, they were right. My mom had died when I was just turning ten. Before she died she told me that I was the most beautiful girl in the world and how proud she was to be my mother. She said even though she'll be gone, her love is with me always. Tears rolled down my cheeks. 'If you love me mommy, how can you be so selfish to leave me?' So now when I had turn 13 my dad had married Mok Young A, who is my stepmom today? She was a cold-hearted woman who tortured me all day. Any self-esteem I had for myself was shattered and I was living a nightmare. My closet door suddenly opened. "There you are you wicked girl!" My stepmom started cussing at me as she pulled me out and threw me onto the floor. I began to tremble because I knew what was going to happen next. *Whack whack whack. * I cried out in pain but I knew that no one is going to hear my cries. I desperately began to gasp for air. My heart was aching again. I couldn't breathe. "Not again! Don't you see how much you're costing your father and me with your heart problems? If it wasn't for all these medical bills we wouldn't be so poor now!" I had this heart condition where air would suddenly shut off and I couldn't breathe. The doctors are trying to save me by giving me a respirator and pills, but they're not sure how much longer I'll be able to live. My dad (who was a pathetic excuse for a man) came in. He looked down at me with sorrowful eyes. He held my stepmom's arm lightly and said, "I think she had enough.

Pros and Cons of Risk Management Essay

1.0 The pros of risk management Maintaining competitiveness Adverse changes in interest and exchange rates may reduce the competitive position of a company against those with lower levels of gearing or smaller exchange rate exposures, or compared with companies that have taken the precaution of hedging against rate changes. Reduction of bankruptcy risk Adverse movements in interest and exchange rates may jeopardize the continued operation of a company. A classic example is that of a highly geared company with a large proportion of floating rate debt being forced into bankruptcy due to an increase in interest rate. Restructuring of capital obligations Interest rate hedging instruments can be used to restructure a company’s capital profile by altering the nature of its interest obligations, thereby avoiding the repayment of existing debt or the issuing of new securities. In consequence, considerable savings can be made in respect of call fees and issue costs. At the same time, a wider range of financial sources becomes available to the company. Reducing in the volatility of corporate cash flows Reducing the volatility of net cash flows may increase the market rating of the company and will facilitate the process of forward planning. 2.0 The cons of risk management The complicated nature of hedging instruments A combination of unfamiliarity with the range of hedging methods available and a belief by potential users that such methods are complex may result in treasurers choosing not to hedge exchange and interest rate exposures. The risks associated with using external hedging instruments The perceived risk associated with in using hedging instruments can sometimes dissuade potential users. Instead of providing protection from steeply increasing interest rates, the transactions turned out to be highly speculative bets. The complicated tax and financial reporting treatments of derivatives The accounting and tax treatment of derivatives has tended to lag behind the pace of their development owing to the dynamic nature of their markets. The major problem regarding the accounting treatment of derivatives is knowing exactly what information to disclose and how to disclose it. Diversification by shareholders may be superior to hedging An alternative to hedging by individual companies is for shareholders to diversify away interest and exchange rate risk themselves by holding a diversified portfolio of shares, hence saving the costs associated with hedging at a corporate level. If shareholders hold diversified portfolios, some commentators argue that hedging of exposures by individual companies is motivated purely by management’s desire to safeguard their jobs, rather than a desire to enhance shareholder wealth. 3.0 Conclusion As a conclusion, exchange rate risk and interest rate risk can be managed by the use of both internal and external techniques. Internal techniques allow companies to hedge risk within their own balance sheet by the way in which they structure their assets and liabilities. Alternatively, companies can employ one or more of the many external techniques now available, such as swaps, options, futures and forwards. While these derivative instruments give more scope and flexibility to companies to manage their risk, their associated costs and their complicated nature must be taken into account.

Importance of Health Care

In the early 1800, public officials were making collective efforts to control communicable diseases such as smallpox, yellow fever, cholera, typhoid, and measles. In order to reduce the presence of communicable diseases, quarantine measures often became law. People who were contaminated were placed in isolation in order to avoid spreading the disease. The education and training of health care workers during this time lacked strong controls and regulations. The hospitals were not cleaned and they were considered of a place to go to die. By the late 1800, a number of vaccines and serums were developed in order to protect the public against contagious disease. Many health professionals have attempted to define health, which is very broad. Physical health is perceived as the normal functioning of the body†s cells, organs, and systems. Mental health is characterized by an ability to deal constructively with reality. Social health has to do with education status, crime rates, poverty, and divorce. Spiritual health is giving and receiving love, trust, joy, and peace; having a sense of selflessness, honor, integrity and sacrifice for others. Several factors must be considered in dealing with health problems in a community. Geography, topography, social and cultural factors along with tradition and social norms have significant impact on the community. Despite marvelous advances in medical technology, health care is limited or even nonexistent for many Americans. That†s the reason why in 1977, the World Health Organization recognized the need for Health for All by the Year 2000†³ an unusually optimistic goal. Poverty keeps individuals from obtaining needed health care services. The United States is the only major western country that does not have comprehensive health care for all its citizens.

Managing Cultural Diversity Essay

The following paper brie y debates the rhetoric of managing diversity and considers whether managing diversity is a distinct approach to managing people or a means of diluting equal opportunities in UK organizations. With respect to the realities of the concepts in UK organizations, empirical data from a survey of sixty UK human resource professionals and general line managers is presented. We pose a number of cautionary questions, including what does it matter and to whom? By doing so we intend to encourage further critique and challenges in respect to the concept of managing diversity in organizations. Keywords: Managing diversity, equal opportunities, HRM/D, rhetoric, reality Introduction Today the workforce does not look, think, or act like any workforce of the past, nor does it hold the same values, have the same experiences, or pursue the same needs and desires (Jamieson and O’ Mara 1991). The composition of today’ s workforce has changed signi cantly in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, culture, education, disabilities, and values. Running parallel to these changes is the shift in thinking by human resource theorists and practitioners with regard to addressing equality in the workplace (Cooper and White 1995; Liff and Wacjman 1996). This shift is underpinned by the emergence of the business case argument for equal opportunities, as opposed to the persuasive debate for social justice or equal opportunities as ‘ correcting an imbalance, an injustice or a mistake’ (Thomas 1990). There is now a view that, after twenty years of the ‘ stick’ of legal compliance (which has achieved little), the ‘ carrot’ of underpinning the business case for equal opportunities will perhaps achieve more (Dickens 1994). The business case argument for equal opportunities in organizations is often termed ‘ managing or valuing diversity’ , but, as with most contemporary Human Resource Development International ISSN 1367-8868 print/ISSN 1469–8374 online  © 2000 Taylor & Francis Ltd http://www. tandf. co. uk/journals 420 Peer-Reviewed Articles anagement issues, the underlying principles and interpretation of this concept are open to mass interpretation, criticism, and indeed misunderstanding. D. Miller (1996) argues that the significant widening of the meaning of equal opportunities has brought with it more complex and confusing messages for employers and practitioners. By drawing on literature and empirical data, we consider whether man aging diversity is a distinct approach to managing people or a means of diluting equal opportunities in UK organizations and pose a number of cautionary questions, including: what does it matter and to whom? By doing so, we intend to encourage further critique and challenges in respect to the concept of managing diversity in organizations. What is managing diversity? Thomas (2000) argues that, with the growing number of mergers and acquisitions, workforce diversity will become more of a priority for organizations and, therefore, in the future, people will become clearer on what diversity is and how to manage it. As with the debates surrounding de nitions of human resource management and development (HRM/D), managing diversity as a concept means different things to different people. It can relate to the issue of national cultures inside a multinational organization (Hofstede 1984); it can relate to the further development of equal opportunities or to a distinct method of integrating different parts of an organization and/or managing people strategically. Much of the literature regarding managing diversity relates to the US experience, where the concept is particularly popular; a re ection perhaps of the more pronounced diversity of workforce composition (Cassell 1996). In a recent report 1999), a Department of Education in America described managing and valuing diversity as a key component of effective people management, arguing that it focuses on improving the performance of the organization and promotes practices that enhance the productivity of all staff. Their dimensions of diversity include gender, race, culture, age, family/carer status, religion, and disability. The de nition provided also embraces a range of individual skills, educational quali cations, work experience and background, languages, and other relevant attributes and experiences which differentiate individuals.

Reforming Public Education Visual Outline

Reforming Public Education in America Visual Outline Corrie Broughton Western Governors University WGU Student ID # 000235996 Reforming Public Education in America 1. The world around American school children is changing, but the public school system is failing to keep up with all the changes. Many programs that are in place were great 50+ years ago but now true reform is needed. A. The United States used to have the highest standards in the world for education. B. With so many budget cuts, the education of American children is suffering. There is little money for updated textbooks, new technology, and even to updated buildings.Many teachers reach into their own pockets to supply their classrooms even with the basics of paper and pencils. C. Taxes should be paying for world-class education in America, but the government is not using those dollars wisely. School district boards are in complete charge of how the money is distributed to each school. Not all schools will receive the same amount, some will get more and some will get less. 2. The public education system needs change. Children are getting further and further behind in math and science when compared to other countries.The No Child Left Behind law has some good goals but those goals are hard to achieve because the standards are set too high. It’s hard to judge what the standards are because each state has their own test for student achievement. A. Very little money for schools means no new textbooks or technology available to students. Cut backs also mean no counselors or school nurses on campus. Additionally, school buildings do not get much-needed repairs. B. Student/teacher ratios are too high. Teachers cannot give individual attention to students, and students struggle with keeping up with the curriculum.Poor performing teachers make the same amount of money as a good teacher. Tenure and the teacher’s union protect all teachers from any form of discipline. C. U. S. schools have failed to keep up with other countries in education. The common factor with all of the countries that have students achieving their standards is all students use the same curriculum and there is not a No Child Left Behind Law. The United States has the shortest school year and fewest amount of hours children spend in the classroom. 3. Research suggests that the U. S. ducation system could benefit from reform because there is very little money for schools; there are over-crowded classrooms with tenured teachers who are protected by the unions and other countries are surpassing America’s once great education system by leaps and bounds. References Athavale, G. (2009, October 29). U. S. education falling behind those of other countries. Retrieved from http://www. saratogafalcon. org/content/us-education-falling-behind-those-other-countries Behrent, M. (2009, Summer). Reclaiming our freedom to teach: Education reform in the Obama era. [Part of the special issue, Education and the Obama p residency].Harvard Educational Review 79 (2), p. 240-6. Retrieved from http://wguproxy. egloballibrary. com/login? user=true&url=http://vnweb. hwwilsonweb. com/hww/jumpstart. jhtml? recid=0bc05f7a67b1790e84eb37b49561a968d1ff2c9fe8790d78c3c4d7ec0aaa2d1d11262f4eeb607acd&fmt=C Howell, W. ; West, M. ; Peterson, P. (2011 Fall). The public weighs in on school reform Retrieved from Education Next, 11(4), and 10-22 A Failing Grade For Public School Funding (2010, June 01). [Editorial] Los Angeles Times Retrieved from http://articles. latimes. com/2010/jun/01/opinion/la-ed-funding-20100601/2 Leana, C. 2011, Fall). The missing link in school reform p. 30-35 Retrieved from http://go. aft. org/socap National Commission on Excellence in Education (1903, April 26). A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform. Retrieved from http://www2. ed. gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/index. html Resnick, L. ; Nolan, K. (1995 March). Where in the world are world-class standards? Educational Leadership, Vol. 52 , p. 6-10, 5p Retrieved from http://www. ascd. org/publications/educational_leadership/mar95/vol52/num06/Where_in_the_World_Are_World-Class_Standards?. aspx Schools and Testing: Left

Sweat Essays

Sweat Essays Sweat Essay Sweat Essay Name: Course:Lecturer: Date: Sweat Analysis ‘Sweat’ is a story that concerns a woman subjugated to unrealistic household chores despite the mistreatment leveled from her husband. This aspect is very common inmost of the common marriage relationships where the women are mostly oppressed. There are many instances where people jump into marriage oblivious of the many issues that belie the relationship. The author shows that meekness does always means being weak. The protagonist is bent on making her husband happy at all times. At first, she is strongly in love with her husband and believes that the situation would persist until their demise. In fact, she tries to avoid arguing with him â€Å"†¦but she walked calmly around him and commenced to re-sort the things† (Hurston 2). This was after he intentionally disarranged the piles of clothes she had sorted out. However, the protagonist changes her attitude towards her husband completely owing to the daily mistreatment that she undergoes. Her husband was amazed by her change of attitude, â€Å"A little awed by this new Delia, he sidled out of the door and slammed the back gate after him† (Hurston 3). The author clearly shows that a woman can be both meek and string at the same time. She chooses to fight for her rights after years of overlooking them. She is ready to fight for what she has worked hard for – her house (Hurston 4). Conclusion In conclusion, I believe that the story offers profound life teachings to the people concerning attitude. This is because it elaborates different situations in which attitude changes are noted. ‘Sweat’ symbolizes the efforts put in by women in families in order to keep their families together. However, there reaches a time when they also stand for their rights if they are trampled over or taken for granted. How It Feels to be Colored Me Analysis In the second story, ‘How it Feels to be Colored Me’, Zora is a young colored boy living in a segregated part of town where there were no Whites. Zora enjoys his life in this side of town and is comfortable with life since all people believe in the same culture. In many instances, one will tend to have a limited worldview until he or she is exposed to a different environment. One will only become disillusioned on his opinion of another race only when he or she has personal contact with persons belonging to the given race. The protagonist reveals that in this residential area, everybody is colored thus making life easy for him. In fact, the coloreds â€Å"deplored†¦joyful tendencies in me, but I was their Zora nevertheless† (Hurston 2). This indicates that Zora loves the town and that he enjoys himself in the given location. However, in a twisting of events, Zora is taken to a school that is located in a White dominated region. His attitude changes completely regarding his beliefs on Whites and life after noticing that, â€Å"in the main, I feel like a brown paper bag of miscellany propped against a wall† (Hurston 3). The protagonist’s attitude changed owing to the odd behaviors of the White people as opposed to the coloreds. Conclusion I feel the story, ‘How it Feels to be Colored Me’ is of profound importance in the present society. The story touches on current issues that still affect the present society. The narration offers a real life story of African Americans in a White discriminative populace. The colored are indicated as staying in poor places known as projects. Zora only sees the Whites as they pass though their residential area with automobiles. He is not used to being given silver things by the Blacks in comparison to the Whites after singing episodes. Ripper, Jason. American Stories, Volume 2: From 1865: Living American History. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2008. Print. Stoller, Eleanor, and Rose Gibson. Worlds of difference: inequality in the aging experience. Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press, 2000. Print.

How to Stay Productive As the Summer Drags On

How to Stay Productive As the Summer Drags On After a long harsh winter of being stuck inside; summer is known as the season of outdoors fun. Productivity and focus on work is always a struggle during this time. We catch ourselves day dreaming of being outside; going to the beach or taking a walk in the park. But it is hard to enjoy the rays of sunshine while being stuck at work. Here are 8 tips on how to fight the summer productivity slump. Source [Wrike]

5 Tips for Improving Reading Comprehension

5 Tips for Improving Reading Comprehension The idea that you either read for pleasure or for learning is misleading. It is, of course, possible to do both. Still, you shouldnt necessarily approach academic reading the same way you approach a beach read. In order to read and comprehend a book or article for school, you need to be much more intentional and strategic. Understand Genres and Themes In most reading tests, the student is asked to read a passage and predict what might happen next. Prediction is a common reading comprehension strategy. The purpose of this strategy is to make sure you’re able to infer information from the clues in the text. Here’s a passage to clarify this point: Clara gripped the handle of the heavy glass pitcher and lifted it from the refrigerator shelf. She didn’t understand why her mother thought she was too young to pour her own juice. As she backed away carefully, the rubber seal of the refrigerator door caught the lip of the glass pitcher, which caused the slippery handle to slip from her hand. As she watched the pitcher crash into a thousand pieces, she saw the figure of her mother appear in the kitchen doorway. What do you think will happen next? We could infer that Clara’s mother reacts angrily, or we might guess that the mother bursts into laughter. Either answer would be sufficient since we have so little information to go on. But if I told you that this passage was an excerpt from a thriller, that fact might impact your answer. Similarly, if I told you this passage came from a comedy, youd make a very different prediction. It is important to know something about the type of text youre reading, whether it is a nonfiction or a work of fiction. Understanding the genre of a book helps you make predictions about the action- which helps you comprehend it. Read With Tools Any time you read for the sake of learning, you should be reading actively.  To do this, youll need some extra tools. For example, you can use a pencil to make annotations in the margins of your text without doing any permanent damage to the book. Another good tool for active reading is a pack of sticky notes. Use your notes to jot down thoughts, impressions, predictions, and questions as you read. A highlighter, on the other hand, is usually not as effective. Highlighting is a relatively passive act when compared to note-taking even though it may seem like you are engaging with the text by highlighting it. However, highlighting during a first read can be a good way to mark  passages that you want to revisit. But if a passage impresses you enough to highlight it, you should always indicate  why it impresses you, whether on the first or second read.   Develop New Vocabulary   Its a no-brainer that you should take the time to look up new and unfamiliar words as you read. But its important to make a log book of those new words, and revisit them long after youve finished reading that book. The more we study a subject, the more it sinks in. Be sure to keep a log book of new words and visit it often. Analyze the Title (And Subtitles) The title is often the last thing to be adjusted once a writer has finished writing. Therefore, it may be a good idea to consider the title as a final step after reading.   A writer will labor hard and long on an article or book, and often the writer uses many of the same strategies that a good reader uses. Writers edit the text and identify themes, make predictions, and annotate.   Many writers are surprised by the twists and turns that come from the creative process.   Once a text is completed, the writer may reflect on the true message or purpose as a final step and come up with a new title. This means you can use the title as a clue to help you understand the message or purpose of your text, after youve had some time to soak it all in.

Top 11 Examples of Archetypes in Literature

Top 11 Examples of Archetypes in Literature Archetypes are tools used in literature to represent common aspects of human nature and life in general. We often see archetypes clearly examined in older literature, but these archetypes continue to be used in all types of literature, from childrens books to romance and fan fiction.While we study these archetypes in books, plays, and short stories from writers like Shakespeare, Dickens, and de Maupassant, modern writers can also use these representations of human nature to develop their own characters and plots.What are the archetypes in literature?There are two sets of archetypes in literature: Character and Situation. Character archetypes are precisely what the term describes. Characters in a story perform various specific functions throughout the plot, and these functions are what determines which archetype they fit into. Situation archetypes describe how certain situations play out in the story. The character archetypes are placed within the situation archetypes. Together, they create a story.Character archetypesThe heroThe hero in a story can be male or female. This character is designed to be the good guy of the story. They are benevolent, honest, honorable, and have a passion for justice. They fight whatever evil forces are around them. This archetype represents our subconscious.All heroes share certain characteristics. These characteristics include:Unusual situations surrounding their birthThey leave their family or the area where they grew up to live life with othersSome kind of event, sometimes a tragic event, directs them into a kind of adventureHe or she has supernatural helpThey must prove themselves during their questThe heros death is often accompanied by some kind of spiritual rewardIn certain cases, heroes in stories are used to exhibit what a societys morals and values are. The hero is put into situation archetypes that society will understand and where the hero can portray what society wants people to be like.Some examples of heroes in liter ature are Beowulf, Harry Potter, Katniss from The Hunger Games series, and Dartagnan of The Three Musketeers.The mother figureIn literature, the mother figure is the character who provides either mental or physical protection or nurturing for other characters. This character doesnt have to be old, like Mother Goose. She can be the friend who helps the hero get through his task, or she can be the one who performs the selfless act in the story.While we all think of the mother figure in one specific way, her role doesnt necessarily have to abide by standard societal behaviors. For example, the mother figure in Hamlet, who happens to be Hamlets mother, is not selfless. She has a difficult time putting her wants and needs aside in order to help her son. When the mother figure does behave according to cultural expectations, it allows the reader to see some of the godly qualities we can possess.The mother figure archetype can be:NurturingSelflessTeachersSome examples of mother figures in p opular literature include:Ma Joad in The Grapes of WrathDemeter in Greek mythologyMadame Defarge in A Tale of Two CitiesThe innocentThis archetype also goes by other names. Sometimes this character is referred to as the youth, the mystic, or the naà ¯ve. This character embodies our desire to retain our youth when we are old. It shows a personality that has not been changed by the danger, depravity, or sad experiences going on in the world. They want to be happy more than anything else and want the same for everyone. They dont have the same capacity for wishing horrible things on their enemies- the innocent believes in the good in everyone.Behind this archetype is the goal of inspiring even the most apathetic audience member to choose to be good. In comparison to the hero archetype, however, the innocent is neutral. They dont have a special quest or complicated history. They are simply representative of the good.Some examples of the innocent archetype are:Pippin Took in Lord of the RingsThe Unicorn in The Last UnicornSnow White in Snow WhiteThe mentorThe mentor archetype is often the protector. They protect the main character most of all, but they also offer help to sidekicks and secondary characters. Their goal is to help the hero be successful in the task set before him or her.This character type is often portrayed as a wise old man or woman, but this is not a requirement for the archetype. Even in more modern books, this archetype serves many functions as he or she helps the hero. For example, Q in the James Bond series is the mentor of the group. With his gadgets and unending support for Bonds needs, he allows Bond to achieve his objectives. Yoda from the Star Wars franchise and Gandalf from Lord of the Rings are other clear examples of a mentor archetype.The sidekickThe sidekick is a tool often used by the author to present his or her perspectives about the main characters, whether the protagonist or the antagonist. Sidekicks are associated with heroes an d villains. They are often a channel for comic relief as well.The sidekicks main characteristic is that they are absolutely loyal to the hero or villain- whichever one they are associated with in the plot. While you may not initially think of sidekicks as being brave characters, they often are written to make grand gestures, like throwing themselves in harms way to protect the hero. This is representative of some real-life situations. There are many stories surrounding selfless acts for friends and strangers.Some popular examples of sidekicks include:R2D2 in Star WarsRobin in BatmanDr. Watson in Sherlock HolmesThe scapegoatJust like its name suggests, the scapegoat is a character that is blamed for everything that goes wrong in the story. Going as far back as the Bible, scapegoats have been part of literature for quite some time. One big example of scapegoats in modern literature is the tributes in The Hunger Games series. These tributes have to pay the ultimate price for previous r ebellions.This character isnt always a major character, and can be represented by many characters or even a collective group that is held responsible for the actions of others.The villainSome peoples favorite characters are the villains in a story. Like the hero, this character archetype is usually well thought out and plays a large role throughout a story. Their sole purpose is to bring down the hero or present a literary reason for the heros quest. They are the antagonist in the story.Most literature follows a good vs. evil structure that pits one or more people against another individual or group. The villain most likely wouldnt exist without a hero, and vice versa. They need each other as two sides of the same coin.Their journeys are often juxtaposed, with similarities that they almost could unite under. Some popular villains are:Darth Vader in Star WarsDmitri and Ivan in The Brothers KaramazovSauron in Lord of the RingsSituation archetypesThe journeyThe entire plot of a story r evolves around a journey that the main character or characters have to go through. This journey could be either emotional, mental, or physical, or the journey could be a mixture of these types.This process drives the hero to discover his or her true nature or the nature of his or her existence. Throughout the journey, the hero and villain probably meet or engage multiple times, building up their need to conquer each other. One clear example of this journey is Frodos quest to destroy the one ring of power. He is accompanied by his sidekicks, is helped and led by his mentor, and experiences interactions with multiple villains. The villains in his journey are many: the ring, Sauron, Gollum, and, even at one point, Boramir. He encounters a mother figure in the elf queen Galadriel.The initiationAs the main character goes through his or her journey, he or she experiences situations through which he or she grows and matures. This maturity can be the result of good or bad experiences. Conti nuing with the example of Frodo, he begins as an innocent Hobbit who had never left the Shire, despite having read Bilbos stories about his adventures. By the end of Lord of the Rings, however, Frodo has grown emotionally and spiritually as a result of all the challenges he has had to endure. Each one of those challenges is an initiation situation archetype.Good versus evilAs mentioned above, story lines with heroes and villains revolve around some kind of good versus evil quest. Some good representations of good versus evil are Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, where Snow White is challenged by the evil queen; Lord of the Rings, as discussed above; and Shakespeares King Lear.The fallIn many, but not all stories, the main character experiences a downfall as the result of a poor choice or action. This might bring about an opportunity for redemption later in the story, or it could be the ending of the story. Some heroes are unable to rebound after experiencing a fall. Take for example Oedipus from Oedipus Rex.Another example is Mr. Rochester in Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte. Mr. Rochester made the mistakes of not being upfront with Jane about his mentally ill wife and of thinking he could properly care for his wife. As a result, he loses Jane and his wife burns down the house, which permanently disfigures the handsome Mr. Rochester. In the end, Jane makes her way back to him and they are able to continue their love story.Why are archetypes important in literature?Archetypes allow the reader or audience to connect certain parts of themselves with the characters, which can help them to become more invested in the story. This experience can help readers to see parts of themselves that maybe they hadnt considered before. Society as a whole might be able to see aspects of their laws or structure that maybe arent so good.Through literature and literary devices such as archetypes, society can become more aware of its positive and negative aspects, similar to the way tha t a court jester could tell the truth about a royal leader when no one else could. Common archetypes bring an aspect of realism to literature or other media that helps the story jump off of the page and into readers hearts.

52 Effective Social Media Post Ideas and Examples to Fill Your Calendar

52 Effective Social Media Post Ideas and Examples to Fill Your Calendar For a marketer, theres nothing worse than struggling with a creative block. When youre pressed to create on a deadline, but you just cant think of something original to post, or an original concept for your next campaign, its easy to fall into despair. In fact, thats probably why youre here. Its okay though. We all need some inspiration now and then to help us shake off the rust and get back to creating awesome stuff. If that sounds like something you need, scope out this enormous list of social media post ideas. Theres inspiration here to cover every social network, too. So, no matter where your audience is most active, youre sure to find something you havent shown them before. 52 Effective Social Media Post Ideas and Examples to Fill Your Calendar via @But First, Here Are Some Free Social Media Resources If youre going to succeed on social media, you need the right tools. These freebies will help you do something with the inspiration youll get from this post: Social Media Calendar Template: Plan all your posts ahead of time. How Often to Post On Social Media Infographic: Learn exactly how to map out your posting schedule. Social Media Strategy Checklist: Build out a comprehensive strategy for your social media content. Not Sure Which Social Media Network to Choose? Before posting to any social network, it's worth considering how each one is used. Here's a quick reference sheet: How Do You Actually Put These Ideas Into Practice? If you're searching for social media ideas, you might be experiencing a few different problems: Lack of creative inspiration. Sometimes, you just don't feel like you have anything kicking around in your head. Constant fire drills to find content to share. You might also be scrambling day-to-day to find enough content to share. Content that isn't getting results. In this case, it might be time to try something you haven't thought of before. Sound relatable? Keep these solutions in mind: Plan Ahead With a Social Media Calendar The best way to keep social media posts organized is on a calendar. In fact, that's why we've included a free calendar template in this post. Here are some of the benefits of using a calendar: They give your team full visibility into your social media schedule. They make it easier to plan posts ahead of time. And make sure you're posting at the best times. They make it possible to plan content + social promotion in one place. No more switching between tabs and tools to map out your publishing schedule. Recommended Reading: How to Effectively Organize Your Social Media Editorial Calendar (Free Template) Plan Cohesive Campaigns The best way to drive a message home is to build a complete campaign. Oftentimes, brands struggle to keep up with their social posting schedule because they're too reliant on one-off posts. This makes staying organized difficult. Plus, it's tough to always be writing posts on the fly without much thought ahead of time. So, plan campaigns. These can be around: Campaigns to promote events. A series of posts promoting a single piece of content. A string of branded posts carrying a consistent message or hashtag. Recommended Reading: 24 Creative Social Media Campaign Examples to Boost Your Inspiration Schedule Ad Hoc Posts In addition to your planned campaigns, mix in some ad hoc posts. These are spontaneous one-off posts that aren't necessarily connected to a broader campaign, but still reinforce your overall brand message. Leaving some flexibility in your schedule makes it easier to react to trending topics and hashtags, which you can capitalize on for added brand exposure. With these three tips and all of the following ideas, you should have no trouble staying inspired and keeping your posting schedule ful. And Now, 52 Content Ideas For Businesses to Post on Social Media There's an endless possibility of content to share on social media. But these are the types of content that your audience will appreciate. 1. Your Company's Blog Posts Does your business have a blog? The best way to get your blog  seen is to share it on your own social media platforms. You know it's relevant to your business because  it came from your business.   Be sure the content you're writing for your business blog is valuable and will connect with your audience. The best way to do this is by writing actionable content such as "How to" posts. Recommended Reading: The Ultimate Blog Writing Process to Create Killer Posts 2.  Posts Showing Your Company's Culture What better way to showcase your business then by sharing a culture post? A culture post is an image or article that highlights what your business is all about. It could be a behind-the-scenes image of your employees doing something quirky or an article about how your business does something a certain way. 3. Industry News In raw numbers, news articles get more social shares than any other type of article. Most businesses that produce content are focusing on deep long form content rather than as-it-happens breaking news. Create a list of news sources in your industry. This could include trade publications or websites. Then, find those sources on Twitter and follow them. When they share something interesting, retweet it to your followers (or share it on another social network, like Facebook or Google+). 4. Curated Content Content curation is simply sharing the content of others in your niche. Sometimes the things you want to share with your audience have already been written. So rather than spending the time crafting an in-depth post, you can quickly share one that's already been written (by giving them credit of course.) At , we use our handy-dandy Chrome Extension tool to help with our content curation. Here's an example of a post we shared from Kissmetrics: Recommended Reading: How to Schedule Your Social Media Content Curation for Massive Growth 5. Question Posts Not everything you share on social media  has  to be a blog post or article.  Get your audience talking and engaging with one another by asking a burning question. For example, you could ask "What sort of content should I blog about next?" It's the best way to know what your audience  really  wants to read. Asking a fun question or creating a Twitter poll is a good way to get your audiences' insights. 6. Product/Company Videos Visuals are eye-catching when your audience is  scrolling through their news feed. It’s been proven time and time again that visuals help improve engagement, but what about videos? Research shows that videos have a 135% greater organic reach compared to photos. That’s a crazy high number. Take advantage of this organic reach opportunity by sharing videos about your company or a new product you have. 7. Customer Reviews And Testimonials Does your company have dedicated fans!? Let their voices be heard and share their thoughts on your social media. You can do this by retweeting their kind words or creating a graphic with their testimonial directly on it. Don't forget to include their name/handle! 8. Quick Tips And Advice Aside from sharing an entire 'How to" post giving in-depth tips and advice, you can share a few tips that you think are the MOST important. Sharing a simple tidbit is an easy way to share valuable information with your audience. Here at , we call them "Pro Tips." 9. Memes or GIFs Aside from sharing images to your social media, you can use memes and GIFs when publishing your content. This adds a fun spin to your plain post and will be too irresistible for your audience to scroll past. â€Å"GIFs are a great way to showcase your brand’s personality, stay trendy, and have fun† -HeyOrca. Memes and GIFs are becoming extremely popular among top companies.  At , we’ve recently started using memes and GIFs on Twitter and have found that they receive far more likes and retweets than regular images.Just remember to keep the meme or GIF relevant to your company and audience! 10. Contest Posts Encouraging people to participate in a social media contest  that is related to your brand will boost engagement with those who  are already followers and can help you increase subscribers by requiring those that don’t follow or like your page yet to do so in order to participate. Be clear about your objectives and exactly how you want your audience to participate for the best outcome. Define easy, simple rules before you launch your contest. 11. Holiday Posts No matter where you live, holidays are a big deal. Show your holiday spirit by sharing a holiday-related post on your business page. Whether it be an image, video or article your audience will appreciate that your business has real people that also get excited about holidays! Starbucks is known for getting exceptionally excited during Christmas season: 12. Photos From Company Events We discussed sharing culture posts that showcase your company's personality, but you can take that a step further by sharing photos from a company event. If your business hosts a charity event or fundraiser, a great way to spread awareness is by sharing it on social media. 13.  Post An Answer To A Commonly Asked Question Are you receiving the same question over and over again from your audience? Instead of constantly responding to this question one by one, solve it once and for all by sharing a post with the answer. Make sure to "pin" the answer to the top of your social media page so that your audience can easily see it. Here's how to pin posts on Facebook and on Twitter. 14. Share Infographics Infographics are a fantastic way to show a step-by-step guide, especially on Pinterest. (Hello! DIY) Infographics allow you to share  a ton of information with the use of visuals. They make boring statistics look appealing! Whether it be your own or a curated infographic, your audience will be drawn to the visual aspect and be sure to keep reading. Recommended Reading: How to Make the Best Social Media Images the Easy Way (+84 Free Images) 15.  Start A Conversation With A Leader In Your Industry Cross-promote yourself by getting your name out there, the best way to do this is to start a conversation with somebody in your niche. Twitter is a great way to start up a conversation that your audience will see. Find an industry leader's Twitter handle and make the first move! This presentation from Jay Baer explains the importance of connecting with influencers (and how to find them): 16.  Links To Free Resources Who doesn't love free stuff!? Whether it be ebooks, white papers, or other downloadable content, your audience will appreciate the free resources. Put together a content bundle, or a downloadable infographic so your audience can use it for reference. (Psst! You can get all of our bundles for FREE here!) 17.  Podcast Episodes Sometimes reading content can be time-consuming, so give your audience's eyes a break and share a podcast episode. Or even better, start your own! We recently started our own podcast  and have had great success with it! We cover topics and challenges our audience faces. If you decide to start your own podcast, check out this post to help get you started. Recommended Reading: How to Start a Podcast (Authentic Advice from Someone Who's Done It) 18. New Job Listings Is your team expanding? Let your audience know! Who better to work for your company than a dedicated fan who's watched your company grow? Or maybe they have a friend who would be interested in working for you. Be sure to list what positions are open like Built Visible does in this example: 19.  Hiring Announcements And New Team Members After posting your job listing, you're likely going to find the right candidate.  Once you've found the right candidate(s), take it a step further and show them off to your audience! Let everyone know that you're excited to have them be part of your team 🠤â€". 20. "On This Day In History" Posts The Huffington Post shares "on this day in history" articles everyday. Take this approach and use it in your own social media strategy. Find something interesting that happened in your town or city and let your audience know! You can also share "National Day" posts. Check out NationalCalendarDay.com to find things like National Coffee Day (and tons of other days you probably never knew existed), and create some posts for ones relevant to that day. 21. Event Promotion If an event happens and nobody hears about it, did it really happen? You can create an Event Page on Facebook to make your event feel more personable to your audience. Then promote the heck out of it on your social media channels! 22. Live Videos Live videos have become huuuuge on social media  recently. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram AND Snapchat have options for going live. Find the right platform that works best for you and where you will get the most views from your audience. Try to make it a weekly video. For instance "Tip Tuesday" or "Fun Fact Friday." This way your audience will be sure to tune in on those days. 23. Promote Email Sign-Ups If you want your audience to attend a webinar or demo (surprise!) you'll need to let them know by promoting the sign-up link on social media. Promote signup forms for webinars, demos, email newsletters, and so forth. 24. Image Scrambles You'll have your audience scratching their heads in no time when you post image scrambles. Image scrambles can be  posts where an image is scrambled up or zoomed in so your audience has to guess what it is. This is a great way to get engagement from your audience. What is this a picture of? Answer: It's an orange crayon! Recommended Reading: The 6 Types of Social Media Content That Will Give You the Greatest Value 25. Inspirational Quotes Okay, I know. Inspirational quotes can be  cheesy, but if done correctly they can be effective. At , we use quotes from industry leaders that we know our audience will relate too. Find quotes from leaders in your industry or testimonials from your audience  that will resonate with your target audience. 26. Company Accomplishments Believe it or not, your audience cares about you and they want to see you succeed. Share your successes with them on social media and celebrate together! Whether it be  awards you've won, reaching a certain number of customers, etc. let your audience know! 27. Host A Twitter Chat What is a Twitter chat?  It’s a conversation around one unique hashtag. This hashtag allows you to follow the discussion and participate in it. Twitter chats are usually recurring and on specific topics to regularly connect people with these interests. When hosting your own: Decide on a clear and brief hashtag that represents your brand. Choose a day and time that you can consistently hold Twitter chats. Come up with an appropriate topic and questions. Plan and promote your chat via Twitter. 28. Ask For Customer Feedback Not sure how your audience will respond to a new feature, event, or your next post? Find out how they will respond  before it happens by getting customer feedback. "Would you be interested in a social media event?" "Would you like if we created a custom label feature?" "Would you like if we wrote a blog post about email marketing?" You can even do this via Twitter poll to get your answer. 29. How-To Videos Aside from going live, you can create simple and short how-to videos explaining how a feature or tool works. These videos will give your audience an inside look and make them more likely to try out your tool after seeing how it works. Recommended Reading: How to Get Started With Twitter Video Marketing How to Do Facebook Video Marketing the Right Way How to Make a Video Content Marketing Strategy to Boost Your New Series 30. Product Reviews User reviews are proven sales drivers, and something the majority of customers will want to see before deciding to make a purchase. Many people read online reviews before deciding to buy something (I'm guilty of this too!) This is a great tactic if you're working in e-commerce. Try sharing reviews of products you carry. Or, you could review a tool that your company uses or integrates with to help drive sales. 31. Images Or Videos Of Your Product The best way to show how something works is through visual representations. You would never buy a car without test-driving it first, just like you wouldn't buy an online tool or product without seeing how it works first. Give your audience a firsthand look at how your product works, and maybe even throw in a cool tip they might not know if they didn't see the image or video. 32. Twitter QA Sessions Sure you could do a Twitter chat, but your topic has to be relevant PLUS there's a great deal of planning involved. By simply hosting a Twitter QA session, this allows your audience to ask a variety of questions. Your audience can finally get their burning questions answered and you can interact with your audience in a new way. Check out this post  from Passion Digital on how to host a QA session. 33. Spotify Playlists If you want to share music or whole playlists with friends, posting a Spotify playlist is the way to go.  Sharing music with friends is a time-honored way to discover new bands, talk over your music tastes, and learn a bit more about the bands that you love. Spotify has fun and useful playlist sharing features. You or a friend can build a playlist packed with your own music or music you’ve discovered through Spotify’s massive music library, and you have the option of sharing that playlist directly with others by passing around the playlist URL or Spotify link. Let your audience know what you're listening to and get them inspired! Get your audience pumped! Share a @Spotify playlist and let the world know what your office is...34. User-Generated Content We know you have super fans out there! Don't be afraid to show them off by posting fan-worthy content. Here at we send out 'swag' to those that grab our attention on social media or leave killer product reviews. Those people often share pictures of themselves decked out in our swag, and it's so awesome to see! I LOVE my new swag. Thanks, @! #happybirthdaytome pic.twitter.com/JNkXCvhs41 Amanda Huggett (@AmandaHuggett) October 10, 2016 If a fan shares anything noteworthy about your company, give it a share! 35. Posts Showing Off Your Company History Has your company been around longer than microwave popcorn? Then you have some history to share! It's always fun to see how far a business has come and where they started. Sharing a quick tidbit or piece of history is sure to intrigue your viewers. At , we are a start-up company, which means we're constantly changing and evolving (and even getting a new space!) New office decor arrived at @today!Thanks @jnhartford 😊 pic.twitter.com/UpvrgfznpH Ashton Hauff (@ashtonhauff) March 23, 2017 36. Company News Announcements Speaking of sharing your  history and getting a new space, let your audience be in the loop! Getting a new space? Launching a new product? Just have big news in general? What better way to get the word out than by sharing the news with the people who care. Make it fun and make it big! Get your audience as hyped about the news as you are. 37. Create a Regular Series Here's a great way to use live video on social media: create a weekly series or show. There are a few ways you can do this: Use a traditional talk show format. Have a guest each week. Paste does this well, hosting musicians in their studio to perform on Facebook Live: div class="fb-video" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/PasteMusicAndDaytrotter/videos/10156378216834529/" data-width="770" data-show-text="true"blockquote cite="https://www.facebook.com/PasteMusicAndDaytrotter/videos/10156378216834529/" class="fb-xfbml-parse-ignore"a href="https://www.facebook.com/PasteMusicAndDaytrotter/videos/10156378216834529/"Rainbow Kitten Surprise live at Paste Studio NYC/apWatch Rainbow Kitten Surprise live at Paste Studio NYC!/pPosted by a href="https://www.facebook.com/PasteMusicAndDaytrotter/"Paste Music amp; Daytrotter/a on Wednesday, April 11, 2018/blockquote/div 38. Repurpose Blog Graphics Creating new visual content for every social media post can be resource-intensive. So, why not create blog graphics with social sharing in mind? To do this, create versions of your blog graphics correctly proportioned for your chosen social network: Then, create social media posts (or even entire campaigns) around those posts, reusing their inline graphics: 39. Share How-To Videos Social media is great for sharing quick videos showing people how to get something done. Here's a fun example from the DIY Network: 40. Share Your Company's Financial Earnings For large publically traded companies, your followers might be interested in knowing how you're performing financially. So, consider creating an engaging GIF or video to accompany your earnings page on your website, or a blog post announcing your quarterly earnings. Here's an example from Home Depot: 41. Share a Case Study On One of Your Customers Do you have a customer that you know has had success (thanks to your company or product)? Get them involved in a case study! Then, share it on social media: 42. Share a Survey Check out this example from Case Study Buddy: 43. Promote a New Product or Event Here's another example from Case Study Buddy: 44. Share a Fill-In-The-Blank Post Asking your audience to finish a sentence can be fun, and it definitely encourages engagement. Think something like this: "What's your favorite ___________________?" "Fill in the blank: my favorite thing about [YOUR BRAND] is [ANSWER]". "When I need to [SOLVE PROBLEM], I use [PRODUCT/TACTIC]". Get creative with it, and see what you can come up with. 45. Share a Statistic This tweet from the Twitter accounts shares a snippet about Starbuck's marketing strategy that people might not have known: 46. Reshare Your Top Performing Posts You don't always have to reinvent the wheel. If a post did well once, what's to say it won't do well again? In fact, according to research from , there's data backing up the idea that it might even do better the second time around: The easiest way to identify top performing posts and automatically reshare it is with . Use social analytics to discover your best-performing posts: Then, use ReQueue to create an intelligent queue of social posts to reshare automatically:47. Promote Your Partners Add some positivity to your audience's feed, and shout out a company you work with that's killing it out there. Wow, what a lovely post to read. Thank you @Sally_Newm for nominating me and for everything you said. I honestly appreciate it so so much. Thanks @rustybrick for pulling all these together, it is a lovely idea and really shows how much our industry value each other. https://t.co/ir9nazs4kD - Samantha Noble (@SamJaneNoble) April 30, 2018 48. Share Some Interesting Industry Research In a lot of industries, having the latest knowledge and research is key to maintaining a competitive advantage. Tap into that by sharing stats and snippets of industry research reports, either ones you've created yourself, or ones you've curated around the web. 49. Use Paper.li to Share News Roundups Ever since Storify closed its doors, marketers have been searching for a replacement. Paper.li is a great stand-in, making it possible to create custom social media-driven online newspapers. By creating an account, you can curate content from different social media networks, and present it all in one place. Here's a look at how it works: 50. Preview a New Product or Event Everyone loves being first to see new stuff. By consistently sharing previews of new products or features, your audience will know to go to your social channels to find your latest developments. This example from NAMM, a major musical instrument expo, uses a GIF to promote an exclusive events: Have you always wanted to attend #SummerNAMM? Heres your chance! The Make Music Experience – an all-day, all-access pass for the prosumer audience to trial the latest music and pro audio gear from top manufacturers. Buy your tickets ($10 advance) here: https://t.co/V13CQfEXNf pic.twitter.com/MirrnacX9M NAMMShow (@NAMMShow) April 4, 2018 51. Get Creative With Emojis Love them or hate them, emojis can add fun and flash to your social media posts. Make sure you're using them appropriately, and in conjunction with other guidelines, by following this infographic: 52. Give Away Something Free Who doesn't like free stuff? By offering your audience an incentive to take action to get a freebie, you can drive some strong engagement, and help promote your products. Here's an example from PlayStation. In exchange for pre-ordering a game, fans can get a free customized theme for their console, which the video demonstrates: Pre-order the Spyro Reignited Trilogy and snag this dynamic theme for your PS4! pic.twitter.com/D8tGAsqoS5 PlayStation (@PlayStation) April 12, 2018 What Will You Post On Social Media? Phew! That was quite the list we ran through. Hopefully, you can implement these tactics into your own social media strategy, but those aren't all the things you can share with your audience. Do you have something you like to share on social media? Let us know down in the comments!